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植物药材的提取禁用铁锅,这是为人们所共知的普通常识。基于这一原则,目前制药工业中中药提取使用的设备,大部分均系以不锈钢材料制成。或搪瓷反应缸等。其中比较典型的有:不锈钢煎煮锅、多能式提取缸及平转式提取器等。其加热方式可分为直接加热和间接加热,或两者并举、兼之。间接加热对中药提取一般不存在Fe~(+3)离子污染的可能,比较安全可靠;而直接加热则不然。因为,加热系统中锅炉和输送载热蒸汽管道,在使用过程中,由于水中溶解了部份氧气,经加热,氧气亦随水蒸汽释出,在温度T>150℃的环境中,氧气与铁发生反应生成Fe_2O_3,这一反应(570℃>T>150℃)因氧气处于流动状态,故不利于该反应的进行。若锅炉或蒸汽管道非长期使用,或间接使用,因管道内的冷凝水及空气的作用,亦发生不同程度的氧化锈蚀,即电化腐蚀,生成质疏松且脆的红棕色的2 Fe_2O_3·H_2O,该氧化物在蒸汽的侵蚀、作用下,经直接加热管道而可能进入提取缸内,造成对药液的污染。因此,中药提取不但要选择合适的设备,而且要防止来自其他途径的污染物,即Fe~(+3)离子。
The extraction of botanical herbs disables the wok, which is commonly known as common knowledge. Based on this principle, most of the equipment currently used for the extraction of traditional Chinese medicines in the pharmaceutical industry is made of stainless steel. Or enamel reaction cylinder. Among them are typical stainless steel frying pans, multi-energy extracting cylinders, and flat-type extractors. The heating method can be divided into direct heating and indirect heating, or both. Indirect heating does not generally have the possibility of Fe~(+3) ion contamination in traditional Chinese medicine extraction. It is safe and reliable; direct heating does not. Because in the heating system, the boiler and the heat-carrying steam pipeline are transported. During use, some oxygen is dissolved in the water. After heating, oxygen is also released with water vapor. In the environment of temperature T>150°C, oxygen and iron The reaction produces Fe 2 O 3 . This reaction (570°C>T>150°C) is not conducive to the reaction because oxygen is in a flowing state. If the boiler or steam pipe is not used for a long period of time or indirectly, due to the effect of condensed water and air in the pipeline, oxidation rust of varying degrees also occurs, ie, galvanic corrosion, resulting in a loose and brittle red-brown 2 Fe 2 O 3 ·H 2 O, The oxide, under the influence of steam erosion, may directly enter the extraction cylinder through direct heating of the pipeline, resulting in contamination of the chemical liquid. Therefore, Chinese medicine extraction should not only select the appropriate equipment, but also prevent pollutants from other sources, namely Fe~(+3) ions.