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慢病毒的概念是Sigurdsson等人在1954年研究冰岛的羊麻痹症(Visna)及慢性进行性肺炎(Maedi)时分离到病毒后首先提出,当时分别称为Visna病毒及Medi病毒。此两种病毒很相似,为球形,大小为70-100毫微米,有两层膜,其外膜上有突起,含RNA及逆转录酶,成熟时为芽生,用负染法电镜观察类似Rous肉瘤病毒,内部结构类似鸟类及鼠类的C型病毒,两种病毒均不引起肿瘤,在组织培养上约三个星期出现细胞病变,形成多核巨细胞和星状细胞,对乙醚和氯仿敏感,56℃30分钟很快被灭活。由于它们的形态和生化性状与RNA肿瘤病毒类似,故归属于逆转病毒科(Family Retroviridae)慢病毒亚科(Subfamily lentivirinae)。
The concept of lentivirus was first proposed by Sigurdsson et al. At the time of isolating the virus in 1954 in the study of Visna and Chronic Pneumonia (Maedi) in Iceland, then known as the Visna virus and the Medi virus, respectively. The two viruses are very similar, spherical, size 70-100 nm, with two membranes, the outer membrane protrusions, containing RNA and reverse transcriptase, budding at maturity, negative staining with electron microscopy similar to Rous Sarcoma virus, internal structure similar to birds and mice of the C virus, both viruses do not cause tumors in tissue culture about three weeks of cytopathic lesions, the formation of multinucleated giant cells and stellate cells, sensitive to ether and chloroform , 56 ° C for 30 minutes was quickly inactivated. Due to their morphological and biochemical traits similar to RNA oncolytic viruses, they belong to the Family Retroviridae subfamily lentivirinae.