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韦伯等学者认为,传统中国的司法官员是非专业化的,因而司法审判不具有确定性和可预测性,西方则与之相反。本文通过对清代科举考试的内容进行考察,认为通过科举选拔出的司法官员基本具备了较好的“法理”知识;同时,他们可以通过科举以外获得法律知识的途径,来弥补“技术”知识的不足。由于清代案件类型和法律条文比较简单,加之幕友的协助和审转程序的设计,司法官员的知识结构基本上可以满足日常案件的审理工作。
According to scholars such as Weber, the traditional Chinese judicial officials are non-professional, so the judicial trial is not certain and predictable, while the West is the opposite. This article examines the contents of the imperial examinations in the Qing Dynasty and finds that the judicial officials selected through imperial examinations basically have better knowledge of “jurisprudence”. At the same time, they can make up for the “technical” knowledge through the ways of gaining legal knowledge beyond imperial examinations Insufficient. Due to the simpler types of cases and legal provisions in the Qing Dynasty, together with the assistance of the screenmasters and the design of the trial transfer procedure, the judicial officers’ knowledge structure can basically meet the trial of routine cases.