泾河是黄河中游的一条主要支流,干流全长483km,流域面积45421km~2,其中水土流失面积33220km~2,占总面积的73.1％。流域内按地貌类型可分为黄土丘陵沟壑区、黄土高原沟壑区、土石丘陵区、黄土丘陵林区和黄土阶地区。其中黄土丘陵沟壑区和黄土高原沟壑区面积占全流域的81％。建国50年来,在党和政府的领导下,泾河流域陕甘宁三省（区）人民持续开展水土保持工作,经历了从单项措施、分散治理到按山系、按流域的综合治理和集中治理。截止1996年底,泾河流域三省（区）初步治理水土流失面积0.9万km~2,占全流域水上流失面积的27％,取得了明显的减沙效益、经济效益和社会生态效益。从统计分析结果看,建国后经过治理,泾河的泥沙已有所减少,一些水土保持小流域治理典型,减沙效益均在50％以上（详见典型治理减沙统计表）。那么为什么从总体看,治理程度高（已超过 1/4）而减沙效益低（包括水利工程仅减沙 1/6）呢?笔者认为,这主要有三个方面的问题。一是人为破坏抵消了治理效益。“边治理,边破坏”,“一方治理,多方破坏”的现象还相当普遍。西峰水保试验站研究结果表明,人为破坏增加泾河泥沙量占11.1％。二是统计的治理面积有一定的水份。三是一部分治理面积质量标准不高。因此必须充分认识泾河流域水土流失综合治 The Jinghe River is a major tributary of the middle reaches of the Yellow River. The total length of the main stream is 483km and the basin area is 45,421km 2, of which the soil erosion area is 33,220km 2, accounting for 73.1% of the total area. According to the landform in the basin, it can be divided into loess hill and gully area, gully area of ​​loess plateau, rocky hilly area, loess hilly forest area and loess terrace area. Among them, the gully area in the loess hilly and gully areas and the Loess Plateau account for 81% of the whole basin. Over the past 50 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, under the leadership of the party and the government, the people of the three provinces (regions) of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia in the Jinghe River Basin have continued to carry out soil and water conservation work. They have gone through various measures ranging from decentralized management to comprehensive management and centralized management according to the basin. By the end of 1996, the three rivers (districts) in Jing River Basin had initially managed soil erosion area of ​​0,900 km ~ 2, accounting for 27% of the drainage area of ​​the whole basin and achieved significant sediment reduction benefits, economic benefits and social and ecological benefits. From the statistical analysis, after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the sedimentation of the Jinghe River has been reduced after treatment. Some of the typical watershed management practices for soil and water conservation are over 50% (See Table for Typical Sediment Reduction). So why, on the whole, the governance level is high (more than 1/4) and the benefits of sediment reduction (including only 1/6 of water conservancy projects)? In my opinion, there are mainly three issues. First, man-made damage offset the benefits of governance. The phenomenon of “governance by side, destruction by side,” “governance by one side, and destruction by multiple parties” is still quite common. Xifeng Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Station The results show that man-made damage increased Jinghe sediment accounted for 11.1%. Second, the statistical treatment of the area have a certain amount of water. Third, part of the governance area quality standards are not high. Therefore, we must fully understand the comprehensive management of soil erosion in Jinghe River Basin