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1977年Rizzetto等用1例抗-HBc阳性病人(甲病人)血清以直接免疫荧光法检查另1例HBsAg阳性病人(乙病人)肝活检标本时发现,乙病人肝细胞核内有可与甲病人血清发生荧光反应的物质,但在电镜下检查未见HBcAg,用标准抗-HBc血清鉴定时也为阴性。这就表明甲病人血清中含有能与乙病人肝细胞核内某抗原发生反应的抗体。经一系列研究后他提出,乙病人肝细胞核内有一种抗原性不同于HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAg的HBV新抗原,遂命名为Delta(δ)抗原;甲病人血清中与之起反应的抗体则是抗-δ。随着研究的深入,δ抗原的名称也有相应的演变。近年,Bonino等研究δ抗原的结构及抗原性后发现,δ抗原的大小为直径35～37nm颗粒,外壳为HBsAg,核心为RNA,这种结构类似病毒,遂称为δ肝炎因子,也叫δ相关颗粒。
In 1977, Rizzetto et al used a direct immunofluorescence assay in one patient with anti-HBc-positive sera (patient A) to find the liver biopsy specimen in another patient with HBsAg positive (patient B). In 1977, Fluorescent reaction of substances, but no electron microscopy examination HBcAg, with the standard anti-HBc serum also negative. This indicates that the patient’s serum contains an antibody that reacts with an antigen in the nucleus of hepatocytes of patient B. After a series of studies, he proposed that hepatitis B patient has a new antigens antigen of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAg in HBV nucleus, named Delta (δ) antigen. The antibody reacting with the patient’s serum is Anti-delta. With the deepening of research, the names of δ antigens have also evolved accordingly. In recent years, Bonino et al. Studied the structure and antigenicity of δ antigen and found that the size of δ antigen is 35-37 nm in diameter, the outer shell is HBsAg and the core is RNA. This structure is similar to virus and is called δ-hepatitis factor, also called δ Related particles.