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随着经济的发展,海上运输的便利,国家之间能源分布不均衡以及对石油需求的日渐上涨,海上石油运输越来越频繁,油轮的巨型化,再加上自然和人为技术等因素,海上发生油污的可能性就越来越大,对海洋环境造成的损害亦越来越严重。其中,近几年尤以船舶溢油对海洋的污染令人担忧:2010年墨西哥石油案震惊了世界,演变成美国甚至是世界的最严重的油污大灾难。事后美国政府采取了一系列的保障补偿措施,使得被污染的海域得到很大程度的恢复;2010年,大连输油管道爆炸事故,2011年,中国渤海湾相继发生了几起溢油案,影响最大的是康菲石油案,使得中国海洋生态又一次面临巨大挑战,一再发生的海上溢油事故让海洋环境面临着空前考验,同时也凸显出目前我国海洋生态效益补偿方面的软肋。
With economic development, maritime transport facilitation, unbalanced energy distribution among countries, rising demand for oil, increasing maritime oil transportation, huge oil tanker shipments coupled with natural and man-made technologies and other factors, The possibility of oil pollution is increasing and the damage to the marine environment is also becoming more and more serious. Among them, the marine pollution caused by oil spills in ships in recent years is cause for concern: the 2010 oil shock in the world shocked the world and turned into the worst oil catastrophe in the United States and even in the world. After the United States government adopted a series of compensation measures to ensure that the contaminated waters have been largely restored; 2010, Dalian oil pipeline explosion accident in 2011, China’s Bohai Bay there have been several cases of oil spills, the greatest impact The case of ConocoPhillips makes China’s marine ecology once again face enormous challenges. The recurrence of oil spill accidents on the sea is facing an unprecedented test of the marine environment. At the same time, it also highlights the weaknesses in the current compensation of marine ecological benefits in China.