二、细菌性疾病的进展 (一)细菌性肠道感染 1.霍乱与副霍乱是霍乱弧菌两个生物型(霍乱古典生物型和爱尔托生物型)引起的急性肠道传染病。副霍乱自1961年由印度尼西亚传播开来后,已引起世界性大流行。大流行促进了霍乱的研究工作,并取得了很大进展,最显著的成果是明确了霍乱弧菌能产生外毒素性质的肠毒素。肠毒素已被提纯制出结晶纯品。毒素被分为若干亚单位,并在亚单位水平上阐明了毒素的作用原理,从而对本病的发病机理,免疫机理有了新认识, Second, the progress of bacterial diseases (a) bacterial intestinal infection 1. Cholera and cholera is a Vibrio cholerae two biotypes (classical cholera biotype and Alto biological type) caused by acute intestinal infectious diseases. The cholera has caused a worldwide pandemic since it was spread in Indonesia in 1961. The research on cholera has been promoted by the pandemic and great progress has been made. The most notable result is that it has made it clear that Vibrio cholerae can produce exotoxin-like enterotoxins. Enterotoxin has been purified to produce a pure crystalline product. Toxins are divided into several subunits, and clarify the role of toxins at the subunit level, so as to have a new understanding of the pathogenesis and immunological mechanism of this disease,