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目的了解大庆市学龄儿童血压水平的特点和变化趋势并探讨影响儿童血压水平的危险因素。方法以大庆市小学新人学儿童为研究对象,进行为期五年的前瞻性研究;研究对象每年进行身高、体重和血压的测量,隔年进行三酰甘油、血糖和胰岛素的测定。统计分析采用SPSS 10.0软件。结果447例研究对象中。基线调查高血压患病率为2.01%、血压偏高者15.44%,至第五年患病率增至5.37%、血压偏高者19.46%。5年间,收缩压由(100.65±11.62)mm Hg(1 mm Hg= 0.133 kPa)增至(106.67±9.29)mm Hg,舒张压由(66.27±11.31)mm Hg增至(70.28±7.98) mm Hg,第五年男、女生差异显著。高血压家族史、体重指数(BMI)、三酰甘油、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数和胰岛素敏感指数与血压水平有关联;其中家族史、BMI和胰岛素敏感指数对血压的变异解释最有意义,家族史与收缩压和胰岛素的差异与肥胖有关,胰岛素敏感性降低有独立作用。结论大庆市学龄期儿童高血压的患病率高于全国平均水平,肥胖、遗传和胰岛素抵抗是高血压发生的主要危险因素,这三者可独立作用,亦可相互协同。
Objective To understand the characteristics and trends of blood pressure in school-age children in Daqing and to explore the risk factors influencing children’s blood pressure. Methods A prospective study of freshmen in Daqing City was carried out for five years. Subjects were measured for height, weight and blood pressure every year, and triglyceride, blood glucose and insulin were measured every other year. Statistical analysis using SPSS 10.0 software. Results Among 447 subjects studied. The baseline prevalence of hypertension was 2.01%, hypertension was 15.44%, to the fifth year the prevalence increased to 5.37%, 19.46% higher blood pressure. During 5 years, systolic blood pressure increased from (100.65 ± 11.62) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) to (106.67 ± 9.29) mm Hg and diastolic pressure increased from (66.27 ± 11.31) mm Hg to (70.28 ± 7.98) mm Hg , The fifth year male and female significant difference. Family history of hypertension, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride, insulin, insulin resistance index and insulin sensitivity index were correlated with blood pressure level. Among them, family history, BMI and insulin sensitivity index had the most significant explanation for the variation of blood pressure, family history And systolic blood pressure and insulin differences and obesity, reduce insulin sensitivity has an independent role. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in school-age children in Daqing City is higher than the national average. Obesity, heredity and insulin resistance are the major risk factors for hypertension. These three may play an independent role and may cooperate with each other.