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马克思本人是十分重视实证研究的。马克思本人之后迄今,西方马克思主义经济学的实证(经验)研究经历了三个主要阶段,其核心问题是生产性劳动与非生产性劳动的划分的必要性与划分标准问题。第一阶段区分了生产性劳动与非生产性劳动,而第二阶段模糊了这种区分,第三阶段则修正了第二阶段的错误,重新区分两类劳动。莫斯利与沃尔夫关于美国利润率的实证研究是西方马克思主义实证研究方法的一次大争论,反映的核心问题是要不要严格区分生产性劳动与非生产性劳动。
Marx himself attaches great importance to empirical research. So far, Marx’s own empirical (empirical) study of western Marxist economics has undergone three major stages. The core issue is the necessity of the division of productive and unproductive labor and the division of standards. The first phase distinguishes between productive and unproductive labor, while the second phase blurs the distinction. The third phase amends the second phase of error and redissects the two types of labor. Mosley and Wolf’s empirical research on the rate of profit in the United States is a major argument in the empirical study of western Marxism. The core issue reflected is whether to strictly distinguish between productive and unproductive labor.