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泥页岩油气的研究与勘探,必然涉及到烃源岩生排烃理论。但目前的干酪根热降解晚期生烃学说,是在油页岩热解生成页岩油概念基础上的提升,其理论明显脱离石油地质演化过程的实际,以该学说为指导研制的盆地模拟方法计算的油气资源量,表示的是烃源岩总有机碳全部热解生成石油的总量,即所谓的生油(烃)潜量,不是实际的生油量。通常含油气盆地都经历了持续沉降、整体上升、全面萎缩三个明显不同的发育阶段,盆地每个发展阶段都与成烃成藏过程有密切的关联,因此成盆成烃成藏是一个相辅相成、统一的石油地质演化过程。在持续沉降阶段,主要烃源岩基本上实现了成烃过程;整体上升阶段是盆地油气成藏的重要时期,并导致油气运移;全面萎缩阶段继续成烃完善成藏,不仅使整体上升阶段形成的油气藏继续充注油气,而且形成新的油气藏。干酪根热降解生成的石油受烃源岩(泥质岩)的孔隙空间限制,即烃源岩生油是在有限空间中进行的。通过确定烃源岩孔隙体积及其含油度等可定量计算烃源岩的生油量;通过盆地整体上升前后的烃源岩孔隙体积的变小量等可定量计算烃源岩的排油量。利用自行研制的DK-Ⅱ型地层孔隙热压生排烃模拟实验仪,开展了盆地持续沉降阶段烃源岩有限空间生烃模拟实验研究。要了解泥页岩油气的特征,必须从盆地的演化阶段及其与成烃成藏的密切关联入手。
The research and exploration of shale oil and gas must involve the theory of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of source rocks. However, the current hydrocarbon generation theory of kerogen thermal degradation is based on the concept of oil shale pyrolysis generated on the basis of the concept of improvement, the theory is clearly out of the actual evolution of petroleum geology, the theory developed by the basin simulation method The calculated amount of oil and gas resources represents the total amount of total pyrolysis of total organic carbon from source rocks to produce oil, so-called raw oil (hydrocarbon) potential, not the actual amount of oil produced. Generally, the petroliferous basins underwent both subsidence, uplift and shrinkage in three distinctly different developmental stages. Each development stage of the basin is closely related to the process of hydrocarbon accumulation and accumulation. Therefore, hydrocarbon accumulation in the basin is a complement to each other , A unified evolution of petroleum geology. During the continuous subsidence stage, the major hydrocarbon source rocks basically realized the hydrocarbon generation process. The overall ascent phase was an important period of oil and gas accumulation in the basin and led to the migration of oil and gas. In the all-round shrinkage stage, hydrocarbon accumulation and gas accumulation continued, The formed reservoirs continue to fill with oil and gas and form new reservoirs. The oil produced by thermal degradation of kerogen is limited by the pore space of source rock (mudstone), ie, the source rock oil production is carried out in confined space. The oil production of source rocks can be calculated quantitatively by determining the pore volume and oil content of source rocks. The oil displacement of source rocks can be quantitatively calculated through the smaller pore volume of source rocks before and after the whole ascent of the basin. Using the self-developed DK-Ⅱ stratum pore hydrothermal hydrocarbon generation and expulsion simulation experiment instrument, the hydrocarbon generation simulation experiment of source rock in the continuous subsidence stage of the basin was carried out. To understand the characteristics of shale oil and gas, we must start from the basin evolution stage and its close relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation and accumulation.