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Toll样受体(TLR)是一类模式识别受体(PRR),人TLR分布在细胞表面或细胞内。不同TLR识别病原体的不同结构成分后,启动固有免疫反应。其中,TLR4在TLR家族中占有重要地位。它除了识别细菌的脂多糖(LPS)外,还可识别一些病毒的蛋白如水泡性口炎病毒的G糖蛋白、呼吸道合胞病毒的F蛋白。病毒包膜糖蛋白也是TLR4识别的配体。TLR4通过髓样分化因子88(My D88)和β干扰素TIR结构域衔接蛋白(TRIF)途径活化下游核因子κB(NF-κB)、干扰素调节因子3(IRF3)转录因子,产生细胞因子/趋化因子和1型干扰素等,在抗病毒免疫反应、免疫细胞分化及调节、发病机制、药物及疫苗研制等方面具有重要意义。
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in which human TLRs are distributed on the cell surface or in cells. Different TLRs recognize innate structural components of pathogens and then initiate an innate immune response. Among them, TLR4 occupies an important position in the TLR family. In addition to recognizing bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), it recognizes proteins from some viruses such as the vesicular stomatitis G glycoprotein and respiratory syncytial virus F protein. The viral envelope glycoprotein is also a TLR4 recognized ligand. TLR4 activates downstream NF-κB and IRF3 transcription factors through the My D88 and TRIF pathway to produce cytokines / Chemokines and type 1 interferon, etc., in the anti-viral immune response, immune cell differentiation and regulation, pathogenesis, drug and vaccine development is of great significance.