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人类通过不断地认识自身和所处的这个世界,其本身就证明了人类作为一种有意识的主体的存在,而有意识的主体存在,就必然会有对应的客体。内格尔通过对以往心灵观的主客观理论的分析后,提出了自己的心灵理论。他认为,意识现象是无法被还原主义所能解释与还原的,即“经验的主观性特征”。同时他还认为,我们看待这个世界时越是脱离自己的主观观念,那么我们就越是客观。然而,客观性的进展让我们来到一个将个人视角完全抛在身后的一个新的实在概念面前,但是我们也不能就此遗忘主观的视点。我们不可能完全的走出自身。无论我们作出什么形式的努力,我们依旧只是这个世界的子部件,并且只能在相当有限的程度上接近世界的其余部分以及我们自身的真实本性。本文通过对内格尔的“蝙蝠论证”的分析,探讨内格尔对于主客观的认识。
By continuously recognizing itself and the world in which it lives, mankind itself proves the existence of mankind as a conscious subject, and the existence of conscious subjects inevitably has corresponding objects. After analyzing the subjective and objective theories of past spiritual views, Nagel put forward his own spiritual theory. He believes that the phenomenon of consciousness can not be explained and restored by reductivism, that is, “subjective characteristics of experience.” At the same time, he also believes that the more we look at the world out of our own subjective concepts, the more objective we are. However, the progress of objectivity leads us to a new concept of reality that leaves our personal perspective behind us completely, but we can not forget the subjective point of view. We can not completely get out of ourselves. Whatever our efforts, we remain the subcomponents of this world and are only to a limited extent, accessible to the rest of the world and to our very own true nature. This article explores Nagel’s subjective and objective understanding through the analysis of Nagel’s “Bat Argument.”