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时下,Intel公司正式推出PentiumⅢ处理器,市场上又掀起了新一轮芯片更新换代的热潮。在计算机业界有一条著名的摩尔定律,即每隔18个月,微处理器的集成度便增加一倍。人们也许会问,这种发展势头还能持续多久? 现有提高CPU性能的主要努力是减小元件的尺寸,这样主频和运算速度才能够提高:一方面,CPU内部可以集成更多的逻辑门,另一方面,各元件之间的联线延迟会变得更小,元件的功耗也相应降低。元件微型化的努力是有限度的,当集成技术的线宽到达亚微米,纳米甚至几个原子的大小时,器件中的载流子(电子和空穴)的运动将呈现出一系列不同于经典运动的量子波动特性,这些量子效应包括隧穿、于涉等等。换言之,晶体管开关元件将无法正常工作,现有技术已基本达到了这个极限,PⅢ采用的是0.18微米的制造工艺,在设计时工程师们已经考虑了量子修正。
Nowadays, Intel officially launched Pentium Ⅲ processor, the market set off a new round of chip replacement boom. In the computer industry there is a famous Moore’s Law, that is, every 18 months, the microprocessor’s integration will be doubled. One may wonder how long this momentum will last? The main effort to increase CPU performance is to reduce the size of the components so that the clock speed and speed can be increased: on the one hand, more logic can be integrated inside the CPU On the other hand, the on-line delay between the components becomes smaller and the power consumption of the components also decreases accordingly. Attempts to miniaturize components have been limited. When the line width of integrated technologies reaches submicron, nanometer, or even a few atoms in size, the movement of carriers (electrons and holes) in the device will exhibit a series of different Quantum wave motion characteristics of classical motion, these quantum effects include tunneling, interference and so on. In other words, the transistor switching elements will not work properly, and the limit has been reached in the prior art. The PIII uses a 0.18 micron fabrication process and engineers have considered quantum correction at design time.