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近年来流行病学在世界范围内有相当大的进展,研究对象从传染病的流行扩展到许多大量发生的病因未明疾病的研究,甚至扩展到研究健康状态以及其他大量发生的人群现象。因此,流行病学的研究方法除了过去常用于研究传染病的方法外,在分析的方法和实验的方法方面均有发展。近年国外出版的一些教科书,只有“总论”,没有所谓“各论”,所以在英、美等国流行病学被称为方法学。现将流行病学研究方法的进展概述如下:
In recent years, there has been considerable progress in epidemiology around the world. The research object has expanded from the epidemic of infectious diseases to a large number of diseases with unknown etiology, and even expanded to studying the state of health and other phenomena that occur in large numbers. Therefore, epidemiological research methods have been developed both in terms of methods of analysis and methods of experimentation, in addition to the methods used to study infectious diseases in the past. In recent years, some textbooks published abroad have only “general theory” and no so-called “various theories”. Therefore, epidemiology in Britain, the United States and other countries is called methodology. The progress of epidemiological methods is summarized as follows: