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萤火虫是一种发光的昆虫。它像小灯一样划破夏夜的黑暗。可是,萤火虫的灯却只发光不发热,人们叫它“冷光”。这种奇妙的光是怎样产生的呢?原来在萤火虫的尾部有个发光器,里面充满了发光细胞,细胞内含有能形成光物质的荧光素和荧光酶。荧光素在荧光酶的催化作用下,与空气中的氧发生化学反应产生光。放过光的荧光素,在生物体内高能物质(三磷酸腺苷,简称ATP)的作用下,还原再生,再次发光。因此,萤火虫的灯总是一明一灭,闪烁不停。据测定,萤的发光效率特别高,竟等于现代电光源的十几倍,几乎将化学能全都转为可见光。这就启发人们去开发冷光源,制造节能灯。
Firefly is a glowing insect. It cuts the darkness of summer night like a small light. However, the firefly's lamp is only light does not heat, people call it “cold light.” How did this wonderful light come about? Originally, there was a light emitter in the tail of the firefly, which was full of luminescent cells. The cells contained luciferin and luciferase capable of forming light substances. Fluorescein, catalyzed by luciferase, reacts chemically with oxygen in the air to produce light. Lost of fluorescein, in the body of high-energy substances (adenosine triphosphate, referred to as ATP) under the effect of regeneration, again glow. Therefore, the firefly's lamp is always a bright one off, flashing non-stop. According to the determination of firefly luminescence efficiency is particularly high, actually equivalent to more than ten times the modern electric light source, almost all chemical energy into visible light. This inspired people to develop cold light sources, manufacturing energy-saving lamps.