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骨髓移植开始用鼠进行研究,研究者发现输注脾或骨髓细胞可以对抗致死剂量的照射细胞基因的研究证实,输入的细胞可在的鼠体内长期存活。此技术很快就被用于人体,特别是用正常骨髓替代破坏的白血病骨髓。早期人类骨髓移植的尝试大多是失败的,然而,单孵双生(同基因)之间骨髓移植,可以对抗致死剂量的照射,而同种异体之间全部失败,原因是移植物不能存活,或移人的骨髓出现对抗宿主组织的反应,这种现象被称为移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)。1960年,由于人类组织相容性遗传学和骨髓无功能状态时支持疗法的进展(如抗生素,输注血液制品和隔离技术),对人体骨髓移植技术的更新起到了促进作用。1975年Thomas等对骨髓移植的早期实验与临床成就作过评论。
Bone marrow transplants began with mice and the researchers found that infusions of spleen or bone marrow cells against lethal doses of irradiated cell genes confirmed that the imported cells could survive long in mice. This technique is rapidly being used in the human body, in particular to replace the damaged bone marrow of leukemia with normal bone marrow. Attempts at early human bone marrow transplantation have mostly failed, however. Bone marrow transplants between single twin (isogenic) mice can tolerate lethal doses of irradiation, with all failures between allografts because the graft can not survive or shift Human bone marrow appears to react to host tissue, a phenomenon known as graft versus host disease (GVHD). In 1960, advances in supportive therapies for human histocompatibility genetics and bone marrow nonfunctioning states, such as antibiotics, infusion of blood products and isolation techniques, facilitated the renewal of human bone marrow transplantation. In 1975, Thomas et al. Commented on the early experimental and clinical achievements of bone marrow transplantation.