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随着改革开放的不断深入,中国居民贫富差距的问题日益显现。本文利用2002—2008年中国省际层面的面板数据,将贸易开放和劳动力迁移这两个指标置于一个框架下,来分析其对中国各地区居民收入不平等的影响。同时,为解决内生性问题,本文采用泊松极大似然估计模型对贸易开放度进行了细化分解。实证研究表明,“自然”贸易开放度的提高对各地区居民收入不平等有抑制作用,而“政策”贸易开放度的提高却会加剧该地区的贫富差距。总的来看,贸易开放度的提高会扩大一地区居民收入水平的差距,人口的迁入有利于一地区居民收入的均衡,而一地区人口的迁出则会加重该地区居民收入不平等的程度。
With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up, the issue of the gap between rich and poor of Chinese residents has become increasingly apparent. Based on the panel data of China’s inter-provincial level from 2002 to 2008, this paper puts the two indicators of trade openness and labor migration under a framework to analyze the impact on income inequality in different regions of China. At the same time, in order to solve the problem of endogeneity, this paper adopts the Poisson Maximum Likelihood Model to decompose the trade openness. Empirical studies show that the increase of the “natural” trade liberalization has an inhibitory effect on the income inequality of various regions, while the increase of the “policy” trade opening will exacerbate the gap between the rich and the poor in the region. In general, the increase in the degree of trade openness will widen the gap between the income levels of residents in a region. The migration of people will help to balance the income of residents in a region, while the migration of a population will increase income inequality in the region degree.