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运用氩离子抛光、场发射扫描电镜和原子力显微镜,对渝东南地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩有机孔隙结构特征进行研究,在页岩有机质原子力显微成像中发现了特殊的纤网状骨架结构。在此基础上,以页岩有机孔隙母质类型、大小及连通性3个方面为主要依据,将页岩有机孔隙分为沥青单孔、无定形干酪根单孔、结构型干酪根连孔和有机/矿物复合孔4个亚类。其中,沥青单孔是页岩中发育程度最低的孔隙,主要发育为独立的单孔,多为宏孔;无定形干酪根单孔则成片出现,但多为孔径较小的微孔或中孔,且连通性一般;结构型干酪根连孔主要为中孔、宏孔,连通性较好,且有机质内部发育纤网状骨架结构,孔隙在骨架之间的空隙中发育;有机/矿物复合孔主要以有机/黏土复合孔或有机/黄铁矿复合孔的形式存在,主要发育连通性好的中孔、宏孔。结果表明,页岩有机质生烃潜能的差异是决定其孔隙发育程度不同的主要原因,黏土矿物、黄铁矿等无机矿物在有机质生烃过程中扮演着重要角色,对孔隙发育有着积极的影响。
The characteristics of organic pore structure of shale in Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in the southeastern Chongqing area were studied by using argon ion polishing, field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Special fibrous network structure was found in the organic matter atomic force microscopy . On this basis, the shale organic pores are divided into three types: single pore, un-shaped kerogen single pore, structural kerogen and organic / Mineral composite hole 4 sub-categories. Among them, the asphalt single hole is the shale with the lowest degree of development of the pores, mainly developed as an independent single hole, mostly macroporous; amorphous kerogen single hole is a tablet, but mostly smaller pore size or medium Pores and connectivity. The structural kerogen pores are mainly mesopores and macropores, which have good connectivity, and are characterized by the presence of fibrous network structure in the organic matter. The pores develop in the interstices between the frameworks. The organic / mineral complex The pores are mainly in the form of organic / clay composite pores or organic / pyrite composite pores, mainly developing mesopores and macropores with good connectivity. The results show that the difference of hydrocarbon generation potentials of organic matter in shale is the main reason that determines the degree of pore development. Clay minerals, pyrite and other inorganic minerals play an important role in hydrocarbon generation of organic matter and have a positive effect on pore development.