通过对常规铸造与超声铸造2219铝合金铸锭进行分级均匀化处理,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等方法分析对比了其铸态与均匀化态的成分及显微组织。结果表明:超声铸造工艺的采用可以显著降低铝熔体枝晶和成分偏析程度,并达到细化晶粒的效果;由于铸造组织晶界处存在Al_2Cu非平衡相的偏聚,导致合金元素Cu、Mn、Fe在组织内分布不均匀。经455℃×20 h+530℃×20 h均匀化处理后,2219铝合金组织中的非平衡相(Al_2Cu)逐渐溶解,但是合金中难溶AlCuMn、AlCuMnFe相的含量基本没有变化;且超声铸锭均匀化程度更高。 The conventional casting and ultrasonic casting of 2219 aluminum alloy ingot were graded and homogenized, and the composition and microstructure of as-cast and homogenized steel were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction . The results show that the adoption of ultrasonic casting process can significantly reduce the degree of segregation of dendrites and components in the aluminum melt and achieve the effect of grain refinement. Due to the segregation of Al2Cu unbalanced phases in the grain boundaries of castings, the alloy elements Cu, Mn, Fe uneven distribution within the organization. After homogenization at 455 ℃ for 20 h and 530 ℃ for 20 h, the non-equilibrium phase (Al 2 Cu) in 2219 aluminum alloy gradually dissolved, but the contents of AlCuMn and AlCuMnFe hardly changed in the alloy. Ingot homogeneity is higher.