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正常时差方程 t~2=t~2+X~2/V_a~2对各向同性均质介质是有效的。但是它不适用于实际的各向同性多层介质以及弯曲界面。借助于光学原理,我们能找到别的三次方程,这种方程还可表示一组对称于时间轴的双曲线。然而其中心不再与座标的原点一致,但可以沿时间轴移动。
The normal time difference equation t ~ 2 = t ~ 2 + X ~ 2 / V_a ~ 2 is effective for isotropic homogeneous media. However, it is not suitable for real isotropic multilayer media and curved interfaces. With the help of optics, we can find other cubic equations that also represent a set of hyperbolic curves that are symmetrical about the time axis. However its center no longer coincides with the origin of the coordinates, but can move along the time axis.