慢性支气管炎(慢支)、慢性支气管哮喘(哮喘)、肺气肿在持续出现通气障碍时,称慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺;Chronic Obstructive PulmonaryDisease,COPD)。它包括仅有支气管炎而无肺气肿的单纯气道阻塞性疾病和无明显支气管炎而有严重肺气肿的患者或二者兼而有之者(见图)。因此这实际是一组有共同病理生理改变的疾病的总称。 Chronic bronchitis (chronic bronchitis), chronic bronchial asthma (asthma), emphysema Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD) is indicated in the presence of persistent ventilatory disorders. It includes only bronchitis without emphysema, simple airway obstructive disease and without obvious bronchitis with severe emphysema in patients or both (see figure). So this is actually a group of diseases that have common pathophysiological changes.