众所周知,第一代核武器是用铀或钚制造的原子弹。现在,制造原子弹的科学和技术已广为人知,无需进行核试验就可以研制成功,因此这种武器的扩散已成为当今世界的主要威胁。第二代核武器是热核武器,即氢弹。研制氢弹需要进行广泛的核试验,经过50年的发展,这种武器的技术已经成熟,再要取得突破性进展已不大可能。全面禁止核试验条约目前能够被核大国所接受,从技术上说,这是一个主要的原因。第三代核武器是效应经过“剪裁”或增强的核弹。研制这类核武器同样需要进行核试验,因此受到全面禁止核试验条约的限制。目前,一些核大国正在加紧研究第四代核武器。 It is well known that the first generation of nuclear weapons were atomic bombs made of uranium or plutonium. Now that the science and technology for making atomic bombs have become well known and can be successfully developed without the need for nuclear tests, the proliferation of such weapons has become a major threat in today's world. The second generation of nuclear weapons are thermonuclear weapons, that is, hydrogen bombs. Development of hydrogen bombs requires extensive nuclear testing. After 50 years of development, the technology of such weapons has matured, and it is impossible to achieve further breakthroughs. The CTBT can now be accepted by the nuclear powers, which is technically a major reason. The third generation of nuclear weapons are nuclear bombs that have the effect of passing “tailored” or enhanced. The development of such nuclear weapons also requires nuclear testing and is therefore subject to the full prohibition of nuclear testing. At present, some nuclear powers are stepping up their study on the fourth generation of nuclear weapons.