早期满族出兵、校猎时,按族党、村寨组织队伍,每十人为一牛录,设一长官,名牛录额真.1601年努尔哈赤又编定三百人为一牛录,每牛录又分为黄、白、红、蓝四旗,仍设一牛录额真.1615年以牛录为基本单位正式建立八旗制度:五牛录设一甲喇额真,五甲喇设一固山额真,每固山额真左右设两梅勒额真(这些额真后来分别改称章京、佐领、参领、都统等).每固山额真所率领的即是一个旗.计有正黄、正白、正红、正蓝、镶黄、镶白、镶红、镶蓝八旗.到皇太极时又先后成立蒙古八旗和汉军八旗,合为二十四旗,习惯仍称八旗.八旗官员平时管理民政,战时充当将领.起初,八旗兵 Early Manchurian troops, school hunting, according to clan, village organization team, every 10 as a cattle record, set an officer, name cattle quota true. 1601 Nurhachi also enacted three hundred people as a cattle record, each cattle record Is divided into yellow, white, red, blue four flags, still set a cattle quota true .In 1610 cattle as the basic unit formal establishment of the Eight Banners system: The amount of mountain is true, so the value of each mountain is really set at two Mailer amount really (these amounts are actually renamed Zhang Jing, Zuo Ling, participation, all systems, etc.). There are positive yellow, is white, is red, is blue, set yellow, white, inlaid red, set the blue banner .To Huang Taiji has also set up the Eight Banners of Mongolia and the Han eight flags, together for the twenty-four flags, habit still The Eight Banners officials usually manage civil affairs and serve as generals during the war