目的:分析肺放线菌病的临床表现、诊断及治疗,提高对肺放线菌病的认识。方法:回顾性分析我科收治的1例肺放线菌病患者的临床资料,并对相关文献进行复习。结果:本例患者,43岁,男性,以咳嗽、咳血性痰为主要临床表现,胸部CT提示右肺上叶结节,经皮肺穿刺活检结果确诊肺放线菌病,青霉素治疗效果好。结论:肺放线菌病是放线菌感染引起的一种少见的呼吸系统疾病,起病隐匿,呈渐进性过程,临床表现及影像学检查均无特异性,放线菌可在肺部引起化脓性肺炎,并经叶间隙、胸膜侵犯胸壁、肋骨,形成窦道及破坏骨质。确诊有赖于病理学或微生物学证据,主要可采用青霉素抗感染治疗,在疑似肿瘤的情况下,需通过外科手术治疗,既可以明确诊断也避免病变进一步引起肺、胸壁等组织的不可逆性破坏。 Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary actinomycosis and to improve the understanding of pulmonary actinomycosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1 cases of pulmonary actinomycosis patients admitted to our hospital clinical data, and review the relevant literature. Results: In this case, 43-year-old male with cough and cough bloody sputum as the main clinical manifestations, chest CT showed the right upper lung nodules, percutaneous pulmonary biopsy confirmed pulmonary actinomycosis, penicillin treatment effect is good. Conclusion: Actinomycosis of the lung is a rare respiratory disease caused by actinomycetes infection. The pathogenesis of occultation is insidious and gradual. There is no specific clinical manifestations and imaging findings. Actinomycetes can cause in the lungs Suppurative pneumonia, and by the leaf space, pleural violations of the chest wall, ribs, the formation of the sinus and the destruction of bone. Diagnosis depends on pathological or microbiological evidence, mainly penicillin anti-infective treatment, in the case of suspected tumor, the need for surgical treatment, both to confirm the diagnosis and avoid lesions further cause lung, chest wall and other organizations irreversible damage.