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以持续9年施用不同缓/控释尿素的水田棕壤为试验对象,以普通大颗粒尿素为对照,研究了持续施用不同缓/控释尿素条件下水田土壤NH_3挥发与N_2O排放特征.结果表明:与普通大颗粒尿素(U)相比,除1%3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)+U处理NH_3挥发增加了25.8%外,其他缓/控释尿素肥料处理对NH_3有明显的减排效果.树脂包膜尿素(PCU)对NH_3减排效果最明显,为73.4%,硫包膜尿素(SCU)为72.2%,0.5%N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)+1%DMPP+U为71.9%,1%氢醌(HQ)+3%双氰胺(DCD)+U为46.9%,0.5%NBPT+U为43.2%,1%HQ+U为40.2%,3%DCD+U为25.5%,1%DMPP均与施用普通大颗粒尿素差异显著;所有缓/控释尿素处理与对照相比均可显著减少N_2O排放.1%DMPP+U对N_2O减排效果最明显,为74.9%,PCU为62.1%,1%HQ+3%DCD+U为54.7%,0.5%NBPT+1%DMPP+U为42.2%,3%DCD+U为35.9%,1%HQ+U为28.9%,0.5%NBPT+U为17.7%,SCU为14.5%,均与施用普通大颗粒尿素差异显著.比较0.5%NBPT+1%DMPP+U、SCU、PCU对NH_3和N_2O减排的综合效果,3种肥料作用相近,且均明显优于其他处理,但包膜材料的成本较抑制剂高数倍.因此,同时添加脲酶和硝化抑制剂的缓释尿素是减少水田氮素损失及环境污染的首选氮肥.
The brown soil of paddy field with different slow / controlled release urea application for 9 years was used as experimental object, and the characteristics of NH_3 volatilization and N 2 O emission of paddy soil under continuous application of different slow / controlled release urea were studied with ordinary large particle urea as control. : In addition to the general large particle urea (U), in addition to 1% 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP) + U treatment NH_3 volatilization increased 25.8%, other slow / controlled release urea fertilizer treatment of NH_3 The results showed that PCU had the most obvious effect on the reduction of NH_3, which was 73.4%, the sulfated urea (SCU) was 72.2% and the 0.5% N-butylthiophosphoric triamide NBPT + 1% DMPP + U was 71.9%, 1% hydroquinone (HQ) + 3% DCD + U was 46.9%, 0.5% NBPT + U was 43.2% and 1% HQ + U was 40.2 %, 3% DCD + U was 25.5%, 1% DMPP was significantly different from the application of ordinary large particle urea; All slow / controlled release urea treatment can significantly reduce the N 2 O emissions compared with the control .1% DMPP + The most obvious effect was 74.9% for PCU, 62.1% for PCU, 54.7% for 1% HQ + 3% DCP + U, 42.2% for 0.5% NBPT + 1% DMPP + U and 35.9% for 1% DCD + U % HQ + U was 28.9%, 0.5% NBPT + U was 17.7% and SCU was 14.5%, both of which were significantly different from those of common macro-granular urea.Compared with 0.5% NBPT + 1% DMPP + U, SCU and PCU, 3 and N 2 O emission reduction, the effect of three kinds of fertilizers are similar, and were significantly better than other treatments, but the cost of the coated material is several times higher than that of the inhibitor. Therefore, the slow-release urea with simultaneous addition of urease and nitrification inhibitor is Reduce nitrogen loss in paddy fields and environmental pollution of the preferred nitrogen fertilizer.