目的　探讨血清催乳素 (PRL)与新生儿惊厥发作之间的关系 ,评价发作后血清PRL含量升高作为新生儿惊厥诊断指标的临床意义。　方法　 3 5例急性脑病新生儿以有无临床典型惊厥发作和 (或 )脑电图出现放电活动分为惊厥组 17例、无惊厥组 18例 ,对照组 17例。化学发光方法检测发作后 15～ 3 0min(第 1时间点 )、2h(第 2时间点 )及发作停止后 2～ 4d(第 3时间点 )的血清PRL含量。　结果　 (1)惊厥组第 1时间点的血清PRL含量明显高于第 2及第 3时间点 ,且高于无惊厥组及对照组的相应时间点。(2 )第 1时间点PRL绝对值≥ 170 μg/L的敏感度为 94.1% ,特异度为 88.9% ;第 1与第 2时间点PRL之比≥ 1.5 ,其敏感度为 88.2 % ,特异度为 88.9%。　结论　 (1)PRL与新生儿惊厥关系密切。 (2 )惊厥发作后 15～ 3 0min(峰值 )血清PRL绝对值及发作后 15～ 3 0min(峰值 )与 2h(基线值 )的PRL之比升高对临床诊断新生儿惊厥有一定的参考意义。 Objective To investigate the relationship between serum prolactin (PRL) and neonatal seizure onset and to evaluate the clinical significance of elevated serum PRL after seizure as a diagnostic indicator of neonatal seizure. Methods Thirty-five neonates with acute encephalopathy were divided into seizure group (n = 17), seizure group without seizure (n = 18) and control group (n = 17) with or without clinical seizure and / or electroencephalogram. The chemiluminescence method was used to detect the serum PRL levels at 15 ~ 30 min (1st time point), 2 h (2nd time point) and 2 ~ 4 d (3rd time point) after the onset of seizure. Results (1) Serum PRL levels at the first time point in convulsion group were significantly higher than those at the second and third time points, and were higher than those in the non-convulsion group and the control group at the corresponding time points. (2) The sensitivity and specificity of the PRL absolute value ≥ 170 μg / L at the first time point were 94.1% and 88.9%, respectively. The PRL at the first and second time points was ≥ 1.5, with a sensitivity of 88.2% 88.9%. Conclusion (1) PRL is closely related to neonatal convulsion. (2) The absolute value of serum PRL after 15 ~ 30 min (peak) and PRL ratio of 15 ~ 30 min (peak value) and 2 h (baseline value) after seizure onset have some reference value for clinical diagnosis of neonatal convulsion .