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本文运用现代新制度经济学的有关理论,讨论国际规则形成、创新与变迁、实施机制等问题。本文认为,国际规则的形成主要是为了降低国家间相互交往的费用,其供给方式有四种:(1)霸权国家提供;(2)国家间合作;(3)国际组织提供;(4)个人发起。国际规则的创新和变迁是随着国际问题和国际环境的变化,国际规则对每个国家的成本和收益发生变化的结果。在国际范围内,没有权威机构,国际规则的实施依靠国家间的自愿合作及相互间的有效监督。
This article uses the theory of modern new institutional economics to discuss such issues as the formation, innovation and change of international rules and the implementation mechanism. This article argues that the formation of international rules is mainly to reduce the costs of interaction between countries. There are four modes of supply: (1) the provision of hegemony; (2) cooperation among nations; (3) international organizations; (4) individuals Initiated. The innovation and changes in international rules are the result of changes in the costs and benefits of each country with international rules as international issues and the international environment change. At the international level, there is no authoritative body. The implementation of international rules depends on voluntary cooperation among nations and effective mutual supervision.