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紫苏是我国传统的药用植物,随着近年来其营养保健功能的重视和开发,紫苏已成为很有发展潜力的食药两用型作物。该研究以贵州省农业科学院油菜研究所选育的2个紫苏材料奇苏1号(油用型),奇苏3号(叶籽两用型)为研究材料,研究一般肥力水平下,不同种植密度处理对紫苏的经济产量及相关农艺学性状的影响。结果表明,2个品种的农艺学性状随栽培密度变化表现一致。其中,株高、茎节数、一次有效分枝长度、分枝位、单株穗数、单株产量与栽培密度呈显著负相关,主穗长度与主穗粒数与栽培密度呈显著正相关。栽培密度对千粒重的影响不显著。2个品种的单产均表现为随栽培密度增加先增加后降低。以栽培密度与紫苏单产建立回归方程,2个紫苏品种的回归方程分别为:y=54.046 5+96.777 1x-45.719 8x2(r=0.999 4)及y=38.717 6+42.111 3x-16.757 7x2(r=0.999 8)。根据回归方程,奇苏1号最适栽培密度为158 745株/hm2,籽粒产量可达1 578.90 kg/hm2。奇苏3号最适栽培密度为188 745株/hm2,可产籽粒977.55 kg/hm2,每公顷同时还可收获约3 000 kg紫苏干叶及2 400 kg紫苏梗。该研究结果将为紫苏品种推广、高产栽培及综合利用提供重要参考。
Perilla is a traditional medicinal plant in China. With the importance and development of its nutrition and health care functions in recent years, Perilla frutescens has become an edible and medicinal crops with great potential for development. In this study, two perilla materials Qisu 1 (oil type) and Qisu No.3 (leaf seed type) selected by the Rapeseed Research Institute of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences were used as materials to study the effect of general fertility level Effect of Planting Density on Economic Yield and Related Agronomic Traits of Perilla. The results showed that the agronomic characters of two cultivars were consistent with the changes of planting density. There was a significant negative correlation between plant height, number of stems, primary effective branch length, branching position, panicles per panicle, yield per plant and planting density. The length of main ear was significantly and positively correlated with grain number per main spike and planting density . The effect of planting density on 1000-grain weight was not significant. The yield of 2 cultivars showed the first increase and then the decrease with the increase of planting density. The regression equations of two perilla varieties were y = 54.046 5 + 96.777 1x-45.719 8x2 (r = 0.999 4) and y = 38.717 6 + 42.111 3x-16.757 7x2 ( r = 0.999 8). According to the regression equation, the optimum planting density of Qisu 1 was 158 745 plants / hm2, and the grain yield could reach 1 578.90 kg / hm2. The optimum planting density of Qisu No.3 was 188 745 plants / hm2, which could produce 977.55 kg / hm2 of grain, and about 3 000 kg basil dry leaves and 2 400 kg basil stems were also harvested per hectare at the same time. The results of this study will provide an important reference for the popularization of basil varieties, high-yielding cultivation and comprehensive utilization.