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集成青海东部考古数据和DEM,利用面积和墓葬相结合的估算法计算了区域史前人口数量,并利用GIS工具重建史前区域耕地面积的时空格局。结果表明:新石器马家窑文化时期区域人口、耕地迅速增加,并在晚期马厂时期达到新石器的顶峰,人口总数接近4万人,耕地面积达到462 km2,人口和耕地主要分布在黄河—湟水谷地内;齐家时期人口和耕地有一定幅度下降,在青铜时代人口和耕地有显著回升和增长,人口总数达61 000余人,耕地面积达到1 076 km2,约占区域适宜耕地总数的1/10。伴随人口与耕地的变化,人类活动的环境效应也逐步显现,5~4 ka B.P.人类活动导致研究区河谷地带乔木的减少,伴人植物增加,尤其是禾本科含量有较大幅度增加,与当时的粟作农业关系密切;4 ka B.P.后大范围的乔木减少是气候变化结果,其后人类活动加强,加速了乔木覆被面积的萎缩。
The integration of the eastern Qinghai archaeological data and DEM, the use of area and tombs combined estimates of the number of regional prehistoric population, and the use of GIS tools to rebuild the temporal and spatial pattern of arable land in prehistoric regions. The results show that the population and farmland of the Neolithic Majiayao Culture increased rapidly and reached the peak of Neolithic during the late Majiayao period, with a total population of nearly 40,000 and arable land area of 462 km2. The population and cultivated land mainly distributed in the Yellow River - Qishui Valley; Qijia period population and cultivated land decreased to a certain extent, in the Bronze Age population and cultivated land have significantly picked up and growth, the total population of 61 000 people, arable land reached 1 076 km2, accounting for about 1 / 10. With the change of population and arable land, the environmental effect of human activities gradually appeared. The human activities of 5 ~ 4 ka BP led to the decrease of arbors in the valley area of the study area, accompanied by the increase of human plants, especially the content of gramineae. Of the millet is closely related to agriculture. After 4 ka BP, the large-scale reduction of arbor is the result of climate change. Afterwards, human activities are intensified, accelerating the shrinkage of arbor cover area.