字画是历史文物的一个重要组成部分。用稻草、竹子、檀皮、桑皮等植物纤维为原料制成的宣纸,历来是我国书写、绘画的重要材料。宣纸的主要组成成分纤维素,是霉菌的良好营养源。由于空气中存在着大量的霉菌孢子,在一定温度、湿度的条件下,孢子在宣纸上萌发、生长,形成菌落。霉菌对纤维素有较 Calligraphy and painting is an important part of historical relics. Rice paper made from plant fibers such as straw, bamboo, sandalwood and mulberry has always been an important material for writing and painting in our country. Rice paper is the main component of cellulose, is a good source of mold nutrients. Due to the presence of a large number of mold spores in the air, under certain temperature and humidity conditions, the spores germinate and grow on rice paper to form colonies. Mold on cellulose more