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根据1957-2013年黄淮海平原40个气象站的逐日气象资料,利用FAO推荐的作物系数计算冬小麦、夏玉米、夏大豆、棉花全生育期需水量及有效降水量,利用线性趋势、M-K检验、GIS插值分析黄淮海平原主要农作物水分盈亏的分布特征及其演变。结果表明:4种作物全生育期均处于缺水状态,小麦全生育期水分亏缺值1974年前存在波动,之后下降;玉米、大豆、棉花水分亏缺持续下降,大豆、玉米在2007-2103年下降显著,棉花在1985-2013年下降显著。4种农作物全生育期水分亏缺呈阶梯状分布,北部、东北部为水分亏缺最严重区域,向南部、东南部逐渐递减。小麦、玉米、大豆、棉花亏缺值分别为386.5mm、251.5mm、191.3mm、437.6mm。
According to the daily meteorological data of 40 weather stations in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain from 1957 to 2013, the water requirement and effective precipitation of winter wheat, summer maize, summer soybean and cotton were calculated by using the crop coefficients recommended by FAO. The linear trend, MK test, GIS Interpolation Analysis of Distribution and Evolution of Water Gains and Losses of Main Crops in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain. The results showed that all the four crops were in a water deficit state during the whole growth period, and the water deficit value of wheat during the whole growth period fluctuated before 1974 and then decreased. The water deficit of corn, soybean and cotton continued to decrease. The soybean and maize in 2007-2103 The annual decline was significant with a significant drop in cotton in 1985-2013. The water deficit of four kinds of crops during the whole growth period showed a ladder-like distribution. The northern part and the northeast part were the regions with the most water deficit, and gradually decreased to the south and southeast. Wheat, corn, soybean, cotton deficit values were 386.5mm, 251.5mm, 191.3mm, 437.6mm.