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本文运用社会认同理论对“民族问题的实质是阶级问题”论断重新做考察和分析。指出:在我国社会主义改造基本完成后,“民族问题的实质是阶级问题”论断导致了20世纪50年代后期至70年代后期我国处理民族问题上的阶级斗争扩大化。但是,从社会认同的视角进行考察,这一论断却也有其帮助解决我国民族矛盾的作用。在特定的历史条件下,它曾促进我56个民族建构超越自身民族认同之上的阶级认同,加强了我国各民族之间的相互认同并从而增强了国家认同,有助于在当时的条件下处理和解决民族问题,以致迄今依然有民族问题的研究者和实践者认为20世纪50至70年代我国内部的民族关系要好于今天。在当前中华民族伟大复兴处于关键时期的形势下,从正反两个方面重新认识“民族问题的实质是阶级问题”具有相当的现实意义。
This article uses the social identity theory to reexamine and analyze the argument that “the essence of ethnic issues is class problems.” Pointed out: After the socialist transformation in our country was basically completed, the assertion that “the essence of the ethnic issue is a class issue” led to the expansion of the class struggle in our country in handling ethnic issues from the late 1950s to the late 1970s. However, judging from the perspective of social identity, this thesis also has its role of helping to resolve the ethnic contradictions in our country. Under certain historical conditions, it promoted the class identity of 56 ethnic groups above their national identity, strengthened mutual recognition among ethnic groups in our country and thus enhanced national identity, which helped to promote the development of the nation under the prevailing conditions To deal with and solve ethnic issues, so far researchers and practitioners who still have ethnic problems think that the ethnic relations within our country from the 1950s to the 1970s were better than those of today. Under the current situation in which the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is in a crucial juncture, it is of great realistic significance to re-understand both “positive and negative” aspects of “the essence of ethnic issues is a class issue.”