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目的探讨痰液用涂片抗酸染色法、固体培养法和Xpert MTB/RIF检测技术3种方法检测痰结核分枝杆菌的阳性率对比。方法对350份疑似结核病人、150份临床确诊病人和80份非结核病人的痰标本分别做涂片抗酸染色法、固体培养法和Xpert MTB/RIF检测,并将结果进行比较。结果 350份痰标本中3种方法检测其中涂片检查阳性70份,阳性率为20.0%;固体培养阳性133份,阳性率为38.0%,Xpert MTB/RIF检测阳性154份,阳性率为44.0%;150份肺结核病人和80份非肺结核病人痰标本3种方法敏感性分别为19.2%(30/156)、34.6%(54/156)、46.1%(72/156)、0.0%(0/2)、0.0%(0/2)、100.0%(2/2)。80份非结核病人的痰标本中只有Xpert MTB/RIF检测技术检测出2份涂阳,且显示极其微量的结核菌阳性。结论 3种方法阳性检出率Xpert MTB/RIF检测技术最高,固体培养法次之,涂片染色法最低。建议在临床诊断结核中优先使用固体培养法和Xpert MTB/RIF法检测。
Objective To investigate the sputum smear antacid staining, solid culture and Xpert MTB / RIF detection of three methods to detect sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis positive rate comparison. Methods Sputum samples from 350 suspected tuberculosis patients, 150 clinically diagnosed patients and 80 non-tuberculosis patients were smear-acid-fast staining, solid culture and Xpert MTB / RIF respectively, and the results were compared. Results The positive rate of smear positive test was 70.0% (positive rate was 70.0%). The positive rate of solid culture was 38.0%. The positive rate of Xpert MTB / RIF assay was 44.0% ; The sensitivity of the three methods for sputum specimens from 150 tuberculosis patients and 80 non-tuberculosis patients were 19.2% (30/156), 34.6% (54/156), 46.1% (72/156), 0.0% (0/2 ), 0.0% (0/2), 100.0% (2/2). Of the 80 non-TB sputum samples, only Xpert MTB / RIF detection detected 2 smear-positive smears and showed minimal mycobacteria positive. Conclusion The positive detection rate of the three methods is the highest in Xpert MTB / RIF detection technique, followed by solid culture method and the smear staining method is the lowest. It is recommended that solid culture and Xpert MTB / RIF assays be used preferentially in clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis.