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(一)角洞水库防治白蚁主要是根据土栖白蚁筑吸水线抵达堤坝浸润浅的习性,沿坝纵向开沟,横切与暴露蚁路,灌药灭蚁、灌浆堵洞、消灭白蚁,然后回土填沟、分层填土、分层打实、分层施药,使起隔水墙作用,以加固堤坝。消灭幼龄巢的方法是:堤坝毒土。30×30厘米距离打孔,孔深30厘米,施放百分之一的五氯酚钠液。 (二)库龄为十八年、坝顶长四百米左右的角洞水库,从主坝几条沟所挖出的土栖白蚁大蚁路(1—7 cm),它在各条沟里的分布情况有如下特点: ①大蚁路多分布在深度1.5米内; ②大蚁路在全条沟内是呈核心分布的; ③迎水坡大蚁路多分布在堤坝两端,而背水坡中段大蚁路较密集。 (三)大蚁路的走向多是跨堤坝的,并由他连贯着蚁巢。如果把蚁巢比作是“瓜”,则这些大蚁路就好象是藤,只要找到大蚁路后,就可“顺藤摸瓜”。方法是:挖沟暴露大蚁路(找藤),灌入药液,药沿蚁路入巢(摸瓜),杀灭白蚁。 (四)寻找大蚁路的线索:重点在迎水坡和背水坡渗润线附近寻找;廿年左右的水库,迎水坡重点在山边寻找,背水坡重点在坝中间寻找;如计划要沿坝纵向开挖某一条沟来暴露蚁路,但又不打算全线开挖,而选用重点开挖某些段时,最好应用优选法在一条沟上选段挖洞,以更快找出蚁路密集的核心。 (五)防治水库堤坝土栖白蚁时可根据上述重点寻找大蚁路线索,结合现场上泥被泥线的多少,实地确定重点挖沟地段。例如:可重点在迎水坡正常水位附近和背水坡浸润线高一些,沿坝纵向蚁患密集的地方,或重点挖沟,或全线开沟。 (六)防治土栖白蚁的一些注意事项挖沟要选择在水位低时非雨季进行。迎水坡三分之一坝高以下的坡面不宜开沟。不能把泥浆灌入反滤层。新建或加高堤坝之前,先要除治原有蚁患。每年春季4～6月必须设灯诱杀有翅成虫。水库堤坝与江河堤坝的生态环境是有区别的,因之土栖白蚁的发生、分布及防治也各有所异。
(1) The prevention and treatment of termites in Jiaodong Reservoir is mainly based on the shallow habit of embedding termites in absorbing water to reach the embankment. The ditches are ditched longitudinally along the dam. The termites are cross-cut and exposed. Back to earth filling ditch, fill layering, stratified fight real, stratified spraying, so that the role of barrier wall to reinforce the dam. The way to wipe out the young nest is: Dykes poison soil. 30 × 30 cm distance drilling, 30 cm deep hole, the release of one percent of sodium pentachlorophenol solution. (2) Cape Cave Reservoir, aged 18 years and about 400 meters long at the crest of the dam, is covered with large termites (1-7 cm) of earth-dwelling termites dug from several ditches of the main dam, There are the following characteristics in the distribution: ① large ant road are distributed in depth of 1.5 meters; ② large ant road is the core of the distribution of the entire channel; ③ Ying water slope large ant road are located at both ends of the dam, The middle section of the slope is more densely populated. (C) Da Teng Road to more than the dam, and by his consistent nest. If you compare the ant nest to “melon,” then these big ant as if it were rattan. Once you find the big ant road, you can “follow it.” The method is: Trench ditch exposure (looking rattan), irrigation liquid, medicine along the ant road into the nest (touch melon), kill termites. (D) find clues to the road: focus on Ying slope and back slope seepage line near the line of infiltration; 20 years of reservoirs, Ying Shui Po focus on the mountainside look, back slope focus on the dam to find the middle; as planned Longitudinal excavation of a ditch along the dam to expose the ant road, but do not intend to excavation across the board, and the selection of key sections of excavation, it is best to use optimization method in a ditch election section digging tunnel to find the ant road faster Dense core. (E) prevention and treatment of soil dams termite termites can be based on the above key to find a large road trail, combined with mud on the scene by the number of mudline, the key to determine the location of the trench digging. For example, the emphasis may be placed on the infiltration line near the normal water level of the Ying Shui Po and the back water slope. Ditches are densely distributed along the longitudinal direction of the dam or the ditches are mainly emphasized or the ditches are opened across the line. (F) Some considerations for the prevention and control of soil termites Trench ditch should choose to be carried out in the non-rainy season when the water level is low. One third of the slope facing the water dam slope should not be ditching. Do not pour mud into the filter. Before the new or higher embankment, we must first rule out the original ant infestation. Every spring from April to June must be trapped trapped winged adults. There are differences between the ecological environment of reservoir dams and river dikes. The occurrence, distribution and prevention and control of soil termites also vary.