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《梦溪等谈》是我国北宋时期的著名法家、杰出的科学家沈括(公元1031——1095年)的一部重要科学著作。在《笔谈》的600多条笔记中,有二百多条是属于自然科学方面的。它总结了我国古代,尤其是北宋时期的自然科学成就,详细记述了劳动人民在科学技术方面的卓越贡献。它的内容涉及天文、数学、物理、化学、生物、地质、地理、气象、医药、冶金、水利、建筑以及其他工程技术等十分广阔的领域。在物理学领域内,作者对力学、光学、磁学、声学等具体科学现象和规律均有卓越见解。《笔谈》是我国古代科学史上的重要典籍之一,是自然科学的宝量遗产。《笔谈》的作者沈括,不仅是一位杰出的科学家,而且是一个进步的政治家,是一位具有革新变法思想的法家人物。沈括生活的时代,由于北宋王朝的大地主阶级兼并士地,对农民实行高额赋役的残酷剥削压榨,造成社会危机日益严重,外族不断入侵干扰,农民起义此起彼伏,统治阶级内部混乱。作为地主阶级革新派的著名法家王安石,高举变法革新的旗帜,推行一系列富国强兵的措施,对当时以司马光为首的地主阶级保守派,展开了激烈的政治斗争,这是北宋时期儒法斗争的重要表现。沈括则
“Dreams of Miaoxi Tan” is an important scientific book by Shen Kuo (AD 1031-1095), a famous legalist and prominent scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty. More than 600 of the more than 600 notes in the “pen talk” belong to the natural sciences. It summarizes the achievements of natural sciences in ancient China, especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, and elaborates on the outstanding contributions of working people in science and technology. It covers a very broad area of astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, geography, meteorology, medicine, metallurgy, water conservancy, construction and other engineering technologies. In the field of physics, the author has excellent knowledge of specific scientific phenomena and laws of mechanics, optics, magnetism and acoustics. “Talking” is one of the important classics in the ancient history of science in our country and is the treasure of the natural sciences. Shen Kuo, author of “Pen Talks,” is not only an outstanding scientist, but also a progressive statesman. He is a legal figure who has the idea of reform and innovation. During the period of Shen Kuo’s life, the brutal exploitation of peasants in high taxes was squeezed by the landlord class annexes of the Northern Song dynasty. As a result, the social crisis was aggravating and the foreign invaders continued to invade and disturb the peasant uprisings and the chaos in the ruling class. Wang Anshi, a famous lawyer of the landlord class, upholds the banner of reform and reforms and implements a series of measures to make the rich and the strong, and started a fierce political struggle against the conservative landlord class led by Sima Guang, The important manifestation of the struggle in France. Shen Kuo then