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胆道恶性肿瘤综合治疗发展迅速，有望带来更好的疾病控制及长期生存。笔者重点论述胆道恶性肿瘤综合治疗的发展及其对外科治疗方式的影响，为未来外科在胆道恶性肿瘤治疗中的发展提供探索思路。以外科手术为核心的多学科综合治疗理念以及以患者中长期获益为最终目标的原则应贯穿胆道恶性肿瘤治疗全程，而在多学科综合治疗时代，胆道恶性肿瘤外科手术的方式将向精准化、有限化和微创化方向发展。“,”Comprehensive treatment of biliary tract cancer has evolved rapidly, thereby improving disease control and long-term survival. The authors focus on the update of this emerging field and its impacts on surgical treatment to explore the development of surgery in the treatment of biliary tract cancer in the future. With the goal of medium- and long-term benefits, a comprehensive treat-ment based on multidisciplinary team and surgery-centered approach is recommended throughout treatment of biliary tract cancer. In the era of multidesciplinary team, surgical treatment of biliary tract cancer will develop toward precision, limited surgical scope, and minimally invasive technique.