1、尽管当今世界还没有统一公认的准确衡量通货膨胀的数量指标,但是,不论是发达国家或发展中国家,都曾经或正在经历着严重通货膨胀的困扰。通货膨胀已不再是某一国家或市场经济类型国家的“专利”,它业已成为一种世界性的经济现象,其影响之大,后果之严重,越来越为人们所承认。 2、通货膨胀作为不同社会制度国家的共同矛盾,不仅表现为物价轮番、持续上涨,而且直接涉及到生产规模、经济成长,充分就业和经济效率的变动。因此,不论各国对通货膨胀的评价和容忍程度有何区别,都必须审慎地面对通货膨胀的挑战。当然,各国在通货膨胀的成因、类型、对策等方面有许多异同之处,可以通过比较、借鉴、作出选择。对此,以中国作为特例与发达国家对比,并且以两种社会制度作为 1. Although there is no universally accepted and accurate quantitative indicator of inflation in the world today, both developed and developing countries have experienced or are experiencing serious inflation. Inflation is no longer the “patent” of a country or a country with a market economy. It has become a worldwide economic phenomenon with great influence and serious consequences. It has become increasingly recognized by people. 2. As a common contradiction between countries with different social systems, inflation is not only reflected in the rise in prices but also in the changes of production scale, economic growth, full employment and economic efficiency. Therefore, irrespective of the differences in the assessment and tolerance of inflation among countries, the challenge of inflation must be carefully addressed. Of course, many countries have many similarities and differences in the causes, types, and countermeasures of inflation, and they can make their own choices through comparison and reference. In this regard, China and the developed countries as a special case contrast, and two social systems as