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分析了中国林产品进出口的总量、结构、变化、增长趋势及对相关国家和地区人民生计的影响,提出了作为进口国消费国、生产国和加工国应采取的措施。1997年到2005年间,中国林产品进口总量折合原木材积增长了两倍多,从0.40亿m3增长到1.34亿m3,进口额也翻了一番。2005年,俄罗斯、马来西亚、印尼、泰国、巴布新几内亚列中国总木质林产品进口前5名,进口额占71.6%;加拿大、印尼、俄罗斯、智利、美国列纸浆进口前5位,进口额占77.6%;美国、日本、香港、欧盟是中国林产品出口的主要目的地。中国迅速增长的林产品贸易对国际社会也有消极影响,导致不可持续采伐、非法采伐等问题,但中国只是全球产业链上的一环,来自美国、欧盟和日本的购买者和零售商也负有不可推卸的责任。中国应认清其在国际林产品贸易中的关键地位,加快其林业部门的改革步伐,推动本国的林产品生产和供给,实现可持续的林业发展。
The paper analyzes the total amount, structure, change, growth trend and the impact on Chinese people’s livelihood in China’s forest products import and export, and puts forward the measures to be taken by consumers, producers and processing countries in importing countries. Between 1997 and 2005, the total volume of China’s forest products imports more than doubled from 0.4 billion m3 to 134 million m3, with imports more than doubled. In 2005, Russia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Papua New Guinea made the top 5 imports of total woody forest products in China, accounting for 71.6% of the total imports; the top 5 importers of pulp in Canada, Indonesia, Russia, Chile and the United States, Accounting for 77.6%; the United States, Japan, Hong Kong and the EU are the main destinations for China’s forest products exports. China’s rapid growth in trade in forest products has also had a negative impact on the international community, leading to unsustainable logging and illegal logging. However, China is only one part of the global industrial chain, and buyers and retailers from the United States, the EU and Japan also have Inescapable responsibility. China should recognize its pivotal position in the international forest products trade, speed up the reform of its forestry sector, promote its own forest products production and supply and achieve sustainable forestry development.