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一、综述 人们探索震磁效应(构造效应)已经历了近百年的历史,研究的内容大致分为三个方面:(1)地震前后的地磁场变化现象;(2)观测方法;(3)地震引起的地磁变化的理论探讨。从进展过程划,又可分为三个时期;(1)初创时期;(2)成因物理实验和仅器更新时期;(3)全面探索和研究时期。详述如下。 (一)初创时期(十九世纪末到1950年) 此阶段人们开始观测与地震有关的地磁场异常变化。如日本1891年所记录到了地震时地磁场的变化,并称之为“震磁效应”。但是由于当时所使用的仪器是极其简单的磁力仪,观测精度低,稳定性差;同时在资料处理中很少考虑消除其它因素的干扰,如地磁日变及磁暴等。因此,1950年以前所报导的震磁现象,
First, a summary of people to explore the seismic magnetic effect (tectonic effect) has experienced nearly a hundred years of history, the research content can be divided into three aspects: (1) changes in the geomagnetic field before and after the earthquake; (2) observation methods; (3) Theoretical discussion on geomagnetic change caused by earthquake. From the process of progress planning can be divided into three periods; (1) the start-up period; (2) genesis physics experiments and only update period; (3) a comprehensive exploration and research period. Details are as follows. (A) During the start-up period (from the late 19th century to the 1950’s) People began to observe the anomalous changes of the earth’s magnetic field related to the earthquake. Such as Japan in 1891 recorded the change of Earth’s magnetic field, and called “seismic magnetic effect.” However, since the instrument used at that time was an extremely simple magnetometer, the observational accuracy was low and the stability was poor. At the same time, few other factors such as geomagnetic diurnal variation and magnetic storms were considered in data processing. Therefore, the phenomenon of magnetospheric magnetometry reported before 1950,