新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）是围生期窒息或缺氧所致的新生儿脑损伤，是新生儿死亡和婴幼儿神经系统功能障碍的重要原因。尽管亚低温治疗在一定程度上减少了中重度HIE的病死率，但其对神经系统功能障碍的改善作用并没有达到预期。因此，探索HIE的有效治疗手段仍然非常重要。针对HIE的发病机制，寻求更多的治疗方法和更好的预防措施已成为目前的研究热点。能量衰竭作为HIE病程中的重要环节，对HIE的发生发展有着重要的影响。本文将针对HIE病程中能量衰竭过程的治疗和预防措施进行综述。“,”Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates is the brain injury caused by perinatal asphyxia or hypoxia and is a major cause of death in neonates and nervous system dysfunction in infants and young children. Although to a certain degree, mild hypothermia therapy reduces the mortality of infants with moderate to severe HIE, it cannot achieve the expected improvements in nervous system dysfunction. Hence, it is of vital importance to search for effective therapeutic methods for HIE. The search for more therapies and better preventive measures based on the pathogenesis of HIE has resulted in much research. As an important link in the course of HIE, energy failure greatly affects the development and progression of HIE. This article reviews the research advances in the treatment and prevention of energy failure in the course of HIE.