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我国具有全世界最大面积的人工林,在全球气候变暖的大背景下,人工林的固碳能力越来越引起关注。研究选择具有长期观测数据的会同森林生态实验站磨哨林场作为研究区,对比分析了9种不同森林类型生态系统各组分(乔木层、林下植被层、凋落物层、土壤层)碳密度及分配特征(人工林8种,林龄范围为25~32 a:杉木林、马尾松林、湿地松林、杉木+樟树林、杉木+火力楠林、马尾松+木荷林、木荷林、火力楠林;天然林1种,平均林龄为63 a:红栲+青冈+刨花润楠林)。结果表明:1)磨哨林场生态系统碳密度平均为261.61 t/hm2,固碳能力较高,其中,马尾松+木荷林以及杉木+火力楠林两种人工混交林的生态系统碳密度最高,天然林位于第5位;2)乔木层和土壤层是磨哨林场森林生态系统碳密度的主体,占98.23%,林下植被层和凋落物层对整个生态系统碳密度贡献较小;3)乔木层中树干部分的碳密度占绝对优势,其次为根和枝,皮最小;土壤层碳密度及分配比例随深度增加而降低,0~20 cm碳密度占整个土壤层比例最高。
China has the largest plantation in the world. Under the background of global warming, the carbon sequestration of plantations has drawn more and more attention. In this study, we selected shanxuetan forest farm located in Huicong Forest Experimental Station with long-term observation data to compare the carbon density (tree layer, understory vegetation layer, litterfall layer and soil layer) of 9 different types of forest ecosystems And distribution characteristics (8 species of plantations, the age range of 25 ~ 32 a: Chinese fir, Pinus massoniana, Pinus elliottii, Cunninghamia lanceolata + camphor wood, Chinese fir + fire wood, Masson pine, Nanlin; 1 species of natural forest, the average age of 63 a: red 栲 + Cyclobalanopsis Lin Nan). The results showed that: 1) The average carbon density of Sabinative forest farm ecosystem was 261.61 t / hm2, and the carbon sequestration ability was high. Among them, the ecosystem density of Pinus massoniana + Muhulin and Cunninghamia lanceolata was the highest , While the natural forest is located at the fifth place. 2) The arbor layer and soil layer are the main carbon density of forest ecosystems in Shaoyuan forest farm, accounting for 98.23% of the total. The understory vegetation and litter layer contribute little to the carbon density of the entire ecosystem. ) The carbon density of the tree trunk layer accounted for the absolute superiority, followed by the roots and branches, the smallest skin; soil carbon density and distribution ratio decreased with increasing depth, 0 ~ 20 cm carbon density accounted for the highest proportion of the entire soil layer.