自习近平总书记2015年底提出建设中国特色社会主义政治经济学之后,中国经济学界便掀起了一股讨论如何发展中国特色社会主义市场经济理论的热潮。本文探讨中国特色社会主义市场经济理论的主要内涵及其与西方现代经济学之间的关系。近四十年来,中国经济通过渐进式的改革方式,成功地从传统社会主义计划经济模式转变为以公有制为主导的多种经济成分并存的社会主义市场经济模式,并且取得了举世瞩目的发展成就,成为世界上第二大经济体。与此同时,中国经济学也从原来的研究传统社会主义计划经济理论转变 Since Xi Jinping put forward the political economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics at the end of 2015, the Chinese economists have set off a wave of discussions on how to develop the socialist market economy theory with Chinese characteristics. This article explores the main connotation of the socialist market economy theory with Chinese characteristics and its relationship with modern western economics. In the past four decades, the Chinese economy has successfully transformed from a planned economy of the traditional socialist model to a socialist market economy with a variety of economic components led by public ownership, and has made remarkable achievements in development through gradual reform. , Becoming the world’s second largest economy. At the same time, China’s economics has also changed from the traditional study of the planned economy theory of traditional socialism