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β-肾上腺素能系统在调控心血管系统的结构和功能中起到重要的作用。20世纪80年代末发现了β_3-肾上腺素能受体(β_3-AR),其参与了心血管疾病的病理生理过程。与β1-AR、β2-AR的结构和功能不同,β_3-AR是通过抑制性G蛋白(Gi)内皮型一氧化氮合酶(e NOS)环磷酸鸟苷(c GMP)蛋白激酶G(PKG)通路,介导心脏的负性肌力作用。心力衰竭时,交感神经被持续激活,出现β1-AR下调、β2-AR脱偶联、β_3-AR持续的上调作用,而过度激活会造成心脏一系列的改变。
Beta-adrenergic systems play an important role in regulating the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. The β_3-adrenergic receptor (β_3-AR) was discovered in the late 1980s and is involved in the pathophysiological processes of cardiovascular disease. Unlike the structure and function of β1-AR and β2-AR, β_3-AR is activated by the inhibitory G protein (Gi) eNOS cyclic cGMP protein kinase G (PKG ) Pathway, mediating the negative inotropic effect of the heart. During heart failure, the sympathetic nerves are activated continuously, resulting in down-regulation of β1-AR, decoupling of β2-AR, and up-regulation of β_3-AR. Over-activation may result in a series of heart changes.