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本土化是津巴布韦穆加贝政府于2007年提出的一项重要经济政策,其本意在于消除殖民主义影响,纠正殖民统治造成的历史不公正,将国家资源和经济主权掌握在本国手中。该政策的核心是外资企业必须将51%以上的股份转让或者预留给津巴布韦本地人,并为此制定通过了《本土化与经济授权法》等一系列法律法规。本土化法案在备受争议和诟病中走过了10年历程,批评者认为该政策会严重影响外国投资者的积极性,对津巴布韦开放市场、发展经济是极大的阻碍。津巴布韦的本土化法案并非专门针对中国投资者,但在实践层面不可避免地对中国投资产生了影响,其中矿业领域的中资企业受影响最为直接和明显。未来中津产能合作也绕不开本土化问题。
Indigenization is an important economic policy put forward by the Mugabe government in Zimbabwe in 2007. Its purpose is to eliminate the influence of colonialism, correct the historical injustices caused by colonial rule and take control of state resources and economic sovereignty in its own hands. At the core of this policy is that foreign-funded enterprises must transfer or reserve more than 51% of the shares to local Zimbabweans and adopt a series of laws and regulations such as the Localization and Economic Empowerment Act. The localization act has gone through 10 years of controversy and criticism. Critics think this policy will seriously affect the enthusiasm of foreign investors and greatly hinder the opening up of Zimbabwe’s economy and economic development. Zimbabwe’s localization act is not specifically aimed at Chinese investors, but it has inevitably affected China’s investment on a practical level. Among them, the Chinese-funded enterprises in the mining sector are the most directly and obviously affected. Nakatsu’s cooperation in the future will not be able to bypass the issue of localization.