A lot of epidemiological survey on the kinds of risk factors caused by the high incidence of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Fusui county,P. R. Of China has been done,especially on relation ship between the different types of drinking water and the mortality of HCC. But the mechanism is no clear. In our study,we sampled the common type of drinking water (pond water,shallow well water,tap water) in Fusui county and did series of cytogenetic determinations such as Chromosomal aberration (CA),Micronuclei (MN) and Sister chromatid exchange (SCE). The changes of CA,MN and SCE related to types of drinking water were observed. There were linear correlation between the concentration of water sample and these changes. The results suggests that one of the reason for the high incidence of HCC in Fusui county may be the presence of mutagen and/or carcinogen existed in the drinking water. The dissimilarity of the different types of drinking water is due to different concentrations of mutagens and/or carcinogens. In brief, the results confirmed the theory of type of drinking water corresponding to incidence rate of HCC proposed by Delong Su on cytogenetics