一说到墓碑,大家都很熟悉。但是对于它的来历却不很清楚。墓碑的原形是下葬时用来牵引绳索放棺椁入墓坑的大木桩。据《释名·释典艺》载“碑,被也。此本葬时所设也,施鹿卢(即辘轳)以绳被其上,引以下棺也。臣子追述君父之功美以书其上,后人因焉。”因而初期的碑都是木头的而非石材。上面凿个圆孔以便系滑车,这个孔叫“穿”,碑头上还有拦住滑车绳索使其不滑脱的槽,这个槽叫“晕”。如现存于曲阜孔庙中的东汉孔谦碑,虽是石质,但仍保留了原来的形制,有“穿”和“晕”。下葬以后,为了标明墓主以便区别,就在木桩上刻写上墓主的姓名、爵里和生平,这样碑的雏形就出现了。东汉以前皇帝、官僚的墓碑基本上都是木质的。到东汉时,由 When it comes to tombstone, we are all familiar. But its origins are not very clear. The prototype of the tombstone was used to pull the coffin into the tomb pit when burying large wooden piles. According to “interpretation of the name of release Dianyi” contains “monument, was also set when the funeral, Shi Lulu (ie, the potter’s wheel) to the rope was cited on the following coffin also. The book on the descendants of Yan. ”Therefore, the initial monument is wood rather than stone. A circular hole was drilled in order to fasten the block. The hole was called “worn”. There was also a groove in the monument that stopped the rope of the block from slipping off. The groove was “dizzy.” If the Han Confucianism in the Confucius Temple in the Qufu, although stone, but still retained the original shape, there are “wear” and “halo.” After burial, in order to distinguish the difference between the owner of the tomb, engraved on the stake on the owner’s name, title and life, so the prototype of the monument appeared. Before the Eastern Han Dynasty emperors, bureaucrats are basically wooden tombstone. To the Eastern Han Dynasty, from