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超抗原是一些分子,包括内源性逆转录病毒基因产物和外源性微生物毒素,具有独特的性质。它们以高度亲和力连接到主要组织相容性复合物Ⅱ类抗原上,其连结部位与一般抗原连接部位不同,引起特定 T 细胞受体可变区基因族的 T 细胞的活化或无反应性.超抗原所致的 T 细胞增生或无反应性可能与人类感染性疾病有关,这些关系的证实可为了解疾病的发病机理和开展新的免疫治疗方法奠定基础。本文介绍了微生物超抗原的概念与人类 T 细胞的关系以及与临床有关的意义.
Superantigens are molecules that have unique properties, including endogenous retroviral gene products and exogenous microbial toxins. They are linked to a major histocompatibility complex class II antigen with a high degree of affinity and differ in their attachment site to the general antigen binding site, resulting in the activation or non-responsiveness of T cells in a particular T cell receptor variable region genotype. Antigen-induced T cell proliferation or non-responsiveness may be related to human infectious diseases. The confirmation of these relationships may lay a foundation for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and developing new immunotherapy methods. This article describes the concept of microbial superantigens and human T cells and the clinical significance.