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目的探讨广州市小学生道路交通伤害(RTI)的流行病学特征,为建立有效的干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法和自拟调查表,对广州市10所小学所有学生道路伤害情况及其危险行为进行问卷调查,问卷内容主要包括基本情况、伤害发生情况、伤害危险行为情况等。采用logistic回归分析道路交通伤害的发生影响因素。结果调查共发放问卷8412份,有效问卷7847份。过去1年内共74人发生RTI,发生率为0.94%;共发生RTI75人次,RTI人次数发生率为0.96%。男生和女生RTI发生率分别为1.22%(51/4194)和0.63%(23/3653)(P<0.01),不同年级学生RTI发生率差别有统计学意义(P<0.01),五、六年级较高,分别为1.92%、1.40%。受伤部位以四肢为主,依次为足部27人次、手部13人次、腿部11人次,分别占总发生人次数的36.00%、17.33%和14.67%。受伤的主要责任人是自己(42人次,占56.00%)。受伤地点主要发生在道路上(49人次,占65.33%)。受伤性质主要是以皮肤损伤为主(43人次,占57.33%)。伤后处理以门诊/急诊或老师/家长自行处理为主,58.67%伤后未请假,77.33%可以完全恢复,致残的仅1人次。65.8%的学生都能在绿灯时过马路,仅有1.2%的同学过马路时总是闯红灯;62.6%、2.5%的同学分别为都能或从未走人行道、过街天桥及地下通道。多因素logistic回归分析提示:相对于男生,女生RTI发生率较低(OR=0.4814),相对于高年级,低年级学生RTI发生率较低(OR=0.1631～1.3619)。结论广州市小学生中存在一定程度的道路交通伤害,应提高小学生尤其男生、高年级学生的道路安全意识,家长和学校应督促学生严格遵守交通规则,积极预防和控制小学生RTI的发生。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of road traffic injuries (RTIs) among primary school students in Guangzhou and provide the basis for establishing effective interventions. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method and a self-made questionnaire were used to survey the road injuries and dangerous behaviors of all the students in 10 primary schools in Guangzhou. The questionnaire mainly included the basic situation, the occurrence of injury and the behavior of injury and harm. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of road traffic injuries. Results The survey sent a total of 8412 questionnaires, 7847 valid questionnaires. In the past year, a total of 74 people had RTI, with a rate of 0.94%. There were a total of 75 RTIs and a RTI rate of 0.96%. The RTI rates of boys and girls were 1.22% (51/4194) and 0.63% (23/3653), respectively (P <0.01). There was a significant difference in the RTI rates among different grades (P <0.01) Higher, respectively, 1.92%, 1.40%. The injured parts were mainly four limbs, followed by 27 feet, 13 hands and 11 legs, accounting for 36.00%, 17.33% and 14.67% respectively of the total number of occurrences. The main responsible person is himself (42 people, accounting for 56.00%). The injuries occurred mainly on the road (49 person-times, accounting for 65.33%). The main injury is mainly skin damage (43 passengers, accounting for 57.33%). Disposal after treatment was mainly outpatient / emergency or teacher / parent. 58.67% did not take leave after injury, and 77.33% could completely recover and disable only 1 person. 65.8% of the students cross the road when they are in the green light, while only 1.2% of the students go through the road always running red lights; 62.6% and 2.5% of the students can or never walk the sidewalk, the overpass and the underpass. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of RTI was lower in girls than in boys (OR = 0.4814), while the incidence of RTI was lower in lower grades (OR = 0.1631 ~ 1.3619) than in senior grades. Conclusion There is a certain degree of road traffic injuries among primary school students in Guangzhou. Awareness of road safety among primary school students, especially boys and seniors, should be improved. Parents and schools should urge students to strictly abide by traffic rules and actively prevent and control the occurrence of RTI among pupils.