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控制温室气体排放最终要落实到不同国家、不同行业之间的利益分配和责任分担,尤其是通过国际商品贸易转移的碳排放是在国家间分配排放配额时必须考虑的指标。基于中国钢铁产品国际贸易流的分析表明,中国在国际钢铁产品贸易中处于垂直产业内贸易的低端,中国具有比较优势的钢铁产品多为加工程度低、技术含量低、能源消耗强度大的初级产品。由于我国进出口钢铁产品在附加价值和能源消耗强度方面存在明显的差异,随着中国钢铁产品国际贸易规模的扩大,使大量CO2排放责任向中国净转移。我国学者应以更加积极的姿态参与到国际谈判、国际规则的制订中,从产品生产者和消费者两个层面合理界定中国在全球温室气体减排中的责任,力争在气候变化国际谈判中确保中国的经济贸易利益。
The ultimate goal of controlling greenhouse gas emissions is to realize the distribution of benefits and the sharing of responsibilities among different countries and industries. In particular, carbon emissions transferred through international trade in goods are the indicators that must be considered when allocating emission allowances among countries. The analysis based on the international trade flow of Chinese steel products shows that China is in the low end of the vertical intra-industry trade in the international steel product trade. Most of China’s steel products with comparative advantages are low-grade, low-tech and high-energy consumption primary product. As China’s import and export of steel products have obvious differences in added value and energy consumption intensity, with the expansion of the international trade of China’s steel products, the responsibility of transferring large amounts of CO2 emissions to China has been net. Chinese scholars should take a more positive attitude to participate in the formulation of international rules and international rules and define China’s responsibilities in reducing global greenhouse gas emissions from the perspective of product producers and consumers in an effort to ensure that international negotiations on climate change ensure that China’s Economic and Trade Interests