商标权人封其注册商标享有禁止他人使用的权利,即他人未经许可不得在相同或类似商品或服务上使用与其注册商标相同或近似的商标。但这一权利并非绝对得到保护,亦应受到相应限制。如果他人的使用行为具有合理理由,则即便他人在相同或类似商品或服务上使用与其注册商标相同或近似的商标,其行为亦不构成侵权。此合理理由即为抗辩事由。实践中出现的针对侵犯注册商标专用权行为指控的抗辩事由,通常包括如下类型:正当使用抗辩;平行进口抗辩;权利用尽抗辩;商标 Trademark owners seal their registered trademarks to prohibit the use of other people’s rights, that is, others may not be the same or similar goods or services on the same or similar trademarks or registered trademarks of its trademark. However, this right is not absolutely guaranteed and should be subject to the corresponding restrictions. If other people’s use of the act has a reasonable excuse, even if another person uses the same or similar trademark on the same or similar goods or services, the act does not infringe. This reasonable ground is a defense. In practice, defenses to allegations of violations of the exclusive right to use a registered trademark usually include the following types: fair use defense; parallel import defense; exhaustion of defense; trademark